Transient-Voltage-Suppression (TVS) diodes are electronic components which protects electronic systems from voltage spikes. These spikes can occur due to various reasons such as lightning strikes or equipment malfunctions.
Functionality
TVS diodes function by clamping and suppressing over-voltages when they exceed a specific threshold. This action diverts excess current safely, preventing potential harm to connected circuits.
Operation Mechanism
These devices operate by triggering at the avalanche breakdown point. They absorb energy from the voltage spike, effectively reducing its impact on the system. This ability allows them to reset once the over-voltage subsides.
Speed of Response
TVS diodes respond rapidly, typically within a picosecond, though practical circuit conditions may limit this due to inductance. Their speed makes them ideal for protecting against fast voltage transients common in power distribution systems.
Types
There are two primary types: unidirectional and bidirectional.
Unidirectional TVS diodes act similarly to regular diodes but are designed for high-current handling during protection.
Bidirectional versions, now typically manufactured as single components, offer protection in both directions, making them versatile.
Considerations
TVS diodes can fail under extreme conditions, such as excessive current, leading to modes like shorting, opening, or degradation. It’s crucial to choose the right type and rating for specific applications.